The difficult circumstances faced by indentured Indians in South Africa severely limited their opportunities to cultivate a cohesive community. Historical accounts from ships like the Belvedere and Truro, which transported people from Calcutta and Madras starting in October 1860, reveal grim realities, including numerous fatalities. Such conditions persisted until the end of the Indenture Labour System in 1913.

Health crises were widespread, and criminal activities ranged from harassment to serious assaults on female passengers. Even though many chose to return to India, those who stayed began forming a tight-knit community.

Laboring on sugar plantations provided job security and newfound confidence. This environment fostered the establishment of the first temples. Mill owners, keen to foster loyalty among workers, generously supported the construction of temples and schools, leading to community growth.

Festivals and Therukoothu performances were intrinsically linked to temple ceremonies.

Therukoothu, often described as “the drama of the Gods,” has been passed down through generations. It is characterized by intricate dance sequences, along with elaborate costumes and makeup.

The art form captures the vibrant spirit of the Indian community through its dramatic and emotional expressions. Particularly in the formative years of the Indian community in South Africa, Therukoothu served dual purposes: as a religious ritual and a source of entertainment. Bollywood films have retained a similar aesthetic of emotional depth, color, and grandeur.

Sadly, the very community festivals and artistic expressions that solidified the place of Indian immigrants within South African culture now face the threat of vanishing from existence.